Hidden causality between oil prices and exchange rates

This work investigates the interactions between oil prices and exchange rates of 6 typical oil importers (China, Japan, and India) and exporters (Canada, Russia, and Saudi Arabia) from 2006 to 2022. We employ a novel method to capture their causal interactions, namely pattern causality, and compare the results to that based on the volatility spillover method. The empirical analysis supports most existing findings that oil prices are bidirectional correlated with exchange rates. However, unlike previous studies that only investigate positive and negative causalities, we highlight dark causality as a more complex interaction. Moreover, dark causality suggests that successive increases (decreases) in oil prices tend to drive the exchange rates of oil exporters to act in an oscillatory manner rather than in a purely positive or opposite trend, and vice versa. Furthermore, we also reveal that dark causality shows dominance during crises, e.g., the global financial crisis, the European debt crisis, the epidemic of COVID-19, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Revealing three types of causalities between oil prices and exchange rates helps policymakers develop more diversified macroeconomic policies. Moreover, the newly identified dark causality can be a useful indicator for investors to risk management. © 2023

Design of Pulse Measuring Instrument

New coronary pneumonia has attracted attention to telemedicine technology. It is a scientific research trend to develop an instrument that allows people to test their health. With the advent of the 5G era, the information rate is getting faster and faster, prompting the rise of some telemedicine industries. Because of the non-contact diagnosis, it provides people with a lot of convenience and protects people from the impact of new coronary pneumonia, it is safe and reliable. The technical field of the Telemedicine System relates to a telemedicine system, and particularly to a system with improved operability, suitable for home health monitoring. With the rapid development of science and technology, it is very important to study a set of equipment that can objectively detect pulse. The new coronary pneumonia has made the society aware of the vacancies in telemedicine technology, and the introduction of digital pulse diagnosis technology is non-contact, convenient and fast. The pulse measuring instrument is composed of a main control chip, a collection module, a signal module, an alarm module, and a display module;Compared with other types of designs, it has a simple, efficient, real-time display, and practical pulse test system, and has its own characteristics in terms of practicability and ease of operation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.